The electrical characteristics of aluminum electrolytic capacitors with plain (not etched) foils are, in part, better, but these capacitors are considerably larger and are only used for special applications nowadays.
Aluminum electrolytic capacitors can generally withstand rapid charging along with occasional overvoltage transient spikes of lim-ited energy. If transients above the capacitor's rated DC voltage are anticipated in the application, please contact us to discuss the best capacitor for the application.
Aluminum electrolytic capacitors for general applications are called "General-Purpose Grade" (GP) in IEC publications. The international standard for aluminum electrolytic capacitors is IEC 60384-4.
The basic material of the anode for aluminum electrolytic capacitors is a foil with a thickness of ~ 20–100 μm made of aluminum with a high purity of at least 99.99%. This is etched (roughened) in an electrochemical process to increase the effective electrode surface.
This oxide layer has a voltage proof of approximately 1 to 1.5 V. Therefore, aluminum electrolytic capacitors with non-solid electrolyte can continuously withstand a very small reverse voltage and, for example, can be measured with an AC voltage of about 0.5 V, as specified in relevant standards. [citation needed]
Aluminium electrolytic capacitors are polarized capacitors because of their anodization principle. They can only be operated with DC voltage applied with the correct polarity. Operating the capacitor with the wrong polarity, or with AC voltage, leads to a short circuit which can destroy the component.
This guide covers the application of polar, non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitors, which are those aluminum electrolytic capacitors featuring a wet, aqueous electrolyte with separator membranes such as cellulosic papers between two aluminum foils.
The international standard for aluminum electrolytic capacitors is IEC 60384-4. The sectional specification mentioned above is complemented by a set of detail specifications that applies to specific design types (e.g. electrolytic capacitors with axial wire leads).
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