This review provides a comprehensive overview of iron-based ARFBs, categorizing them into dissolution-deposition and all-soluble flow battery systems. . Herein, we propose a low-cost alkaline all-iron flow battery by coupling ferri/ferro-cyanide redox couple with ferric/ferrous-gluconate complexes redox couple. The designed all-iron flow battery demonstrates a coulombic efficiency of above 99% and an energy efficiency of 83% at a current density of. . Among them, iron-based aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) are a compelling choice for future energy storage systems due to their excellent safety, cost-effectiveness and scalability. This study investigates the impact of key operational characteristics, specifically examining how various parameters influence efficiency, stability, and capacity retention.
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