A review of flywheel energy storage systems: state of the art
Primary candidates for large-deployment capable, scalable solutions can be narrowed down to three: Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and flywheels. The lithium-ion
High Power Density: Flywheel energy storage systems can store a large amount of energy in a small space, making them suitable for applications where space is limited. Fast Response Time: Flywheel energy storage systems can respond quickly to changes in demand or supply.
Additionally, the energy storage capacity of a flywheel energy storage system is limited by the maximum rotational speed of the rotor and the maximum allowable stresses on the rotor materials.
Low-speed flywheel energy storage systems, are better suited for longer-term energy storage applications such as off-grid power systems, remote locations, and microgrids. Flywheels have different cross-sectional shapes depending on their use.
Beyond pumped hydroelectric storage, flywheels represent one of the most established technologies for mechanical energy storage based on rotational kinetic energy . Fundamentally, flywheels store kinetic energy in a rotating mass known as a rotor [, , , ], characterized by high conversion power and rapid discharge rates .
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